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Glossary
Every term defined in a published lesson, collected automatically.
- Accuracy
- Closeness to the true value, i.e. freedom from systematic error.
- ADC
- Analog-to-digital converter — quantises a continuous voltage into discrete counts.
- Aliasing
- High-frequency content masquerading as low-frequency content because sampling was too slow.
- Analog front end
- Amplification, filtering and buffering between transducer and converter.
- Closed loop
- A system whose actions change the very measurements it depends on.
- Distribution shift
- Production data differing statistically from training data.
- Drift
- Slow change in offset or sensitivity over time, temperature or exposure.
- Early fusion
- Combining raw or lightly processed signals before modelling.
- Embedding
- A learned vector representation produced by a trained network.
- Feature
- A hand-designed scalar summarising a signal window, e.g. spectral centroid.
- Hysteresis
- Output depending on the direction of approach, not only the present measurand value.
- Inference latency
- Time from input tensor to output prediction on the target hardware.
- Late fusion
- Combining independent per-modality decisions or scores.
- Measurand
- The physical quantity you intend to measure — temperature, pressure, gas concentration, strain.
- Precision
- Repeatability of readings under unchanged conditions; low random spread.
- Preprocessing
- Deterministic cleanup: resampling, detrending, normalisation, windowing.
- Quantisation
- Representing weights and activations in fewer bits to fit and accelerate edge deployment.
- Resolution
- The smallest change the system can distinguish, often set by ADC bits and noise floor.
- Sensitivity
- How much output you get per unit of input — the slope of the transfer function.
- Signal conditioning
- Amplification, buffering, filtering and level shifting applied before digitisation.
- Transducer
- The element that converts energy from one form to another, e.g. heat into resistance change.
- Transfer function
- The mathematical relationship mapping measurand to output signal, including its slope and curvature.